مصر

From a common Semitic source; compare Hebrew מִצְרַיִם (miṣráyim), Ugaritic 𐎎𐎕𐎗𐎎 (mṣrm /⁠Miṣrāma⁠/), and Akkadian 𒆳𒈪𒄑𒊑 (ᴷᵁᴿmi-iṣ-ri /⁠Miṣri⁠/) or 𒆳𒈬𒀫 (ᴷᵁᴿmu-ṣur /⁠Muṣur⁠/). The ending in Hebrew and Ugaritic is the standard dual form, perhaps related to the ancient conceptualization of Egypt as two realms: Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. Conflated with the root م ص ر (m ṣ r) in some senses (see below). The sense of Cairo stems from the earlier settlement مِصْرُ الفُسْطَاط (miṣru l-fusṭāṭ, “the Civil